Interventions for improving resilience among healthcare workers: a systematic map

Healthcare worker resilience is essential to building effective, functional, and crisis-ready health systems. This systematic map aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the global evidence and identify gaps in resilience interventions for healthcare workers. A framework of interventions and outcomes was prepared with the help of advisory group members. The protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework. The search records were deduplicated and subjected to two levels of screening. We mapped 587 studies in the intervention-outcome framework. Most studies were conducted in high-income countries (473, 80.58%) and among nurses (284 studies, 48.38%), followed by other categories of healthcare workers. The most frequently included interventions were resilience training (240, 40.89%) and training and mentorship in the workplace (236, 40.20%). Artificial Intelligence-based or systems-thinking interventions (31, 5.28%) and herbal/traditional or conventional pharmacological interventions (4, 0.68%) were the least studied. Psychological outcomes were the domain of outcomes assessed most frequently (521, 88.76%). Patient safety (7, 1.19%), systems/policy level outcomes (16, 2.73%), and performance/ presenteeism (20, 3.41%) were the least measured outcomes. Overall, this systematic map provides evidence and gaps in resilience interventions for healthcare workers and can be used for planning and conducting future primary studies or systematic reviews.